石油化工生产中火灾隐患及预防对策

石油化工企业自身的生产、设备等特点决定了这类企业存在着一些特有的火灾隐患,这些隐患给安全生产带来了极大的威胁。因此,正确剖析和认识石油化工企业特有的火灾隐患,积极采取预防对策是石油化工企业安全工作的一项重要内容。     

新三矿隐蔽致灾因素研究

为了进一步提高新三矿矿井的防灾能力,做到隐蔽致灾因素清晰明确,防治措施有效,通过对新三矿采空区、废弃采空区（井筒）、封闭不良钻孔,断层、裂隙、褶曲,陷落柱,瓦斯富集区,导水裂隙带,地下含水体,井下火区等不良地质体的分析研究,基本查明了新三矿的隐蔽至灾因素有采空区老空水、封闭不良钻孔、瓦斯、断层。通过相应的措施,为新三矿以后健康安全的发展指明了方向。     

Copper‐Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes with Diazo Esters and Amines to Construct β‐Enamino Esters

An operationally simple and efficient copper‐catalyzed three‐component tandem reaction of terminal alkynes, diazo compounds and amines to yield β‐enamino esters is described. This straightforward protocol takes place rapidly with a wide range of substrates and gives the desired β‐enamino esters in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction probably proceeds through Cu‐catalyzed formal C–H insertion to produce an alkynoate intermediate, which was then trapped by amines to give the β‐enamino esters.

     

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Heart Failure

The relationship between heart failure (HF), sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac arrhythmias is complex and poorly understood. Whereas the frequency of predominantly obstructive sleep apnea in HF patients is low and similar or moderately higher to that observed in the general population, central sleep apnea (CSA) has been observed in approximately 50% of HF patients, depending on the methods used to detect CSA and patient selection. Despite this high prevalence, it is still unclear whether CSA is merely a marker or an independent risk factor for an adverse prognosis in HF patients and whether CSA is associated with an increased risk for supraventricular as well as ventricular arrhythmias in HF patients. The current review focuses on the relationship between CSA and atrial fibrillation as the most common atrial arrhythmia in HF patients, and on the relationship between CSA and ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation as the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death in HF patients.     

Improved Bioactivity of Antimicrobial Peptides by Addition of Amino‐Terminal Copper and Nickel (ATCUN) Binding Motifs

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates to help circumvent antibiotic resistance, which is an increasing clinical problem. Amino‐terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motifs are known to actively form reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon metal binding. The combination of these two peptidic constructs could lead to a novel class of dual‐acting antimicrobial agents. To test this hypothesis, a set of ATCUN binding motifs were screened for their ability to induce ROS formation, and the most potent were then used to modify AMPs with different modes of action. ATCUN binding motif‐containing derivatives of anoplin (GLLKRIKTLL‐NH₂), pro‐apoptotic peptide (PAP; KLAKLAKKLAKLAK‐NH₂), and sh‐buforin (RAGLQFPVGRVHRLLRK‐NH₂) were synthesized and found to be more active than the parent AMPs against a panel of clinically relevant bacteria. The lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the ATCUN–anoplin peptides are attributed to the higher pore‐forming activity along with their ability to cause ROS‐induced membrane damage. The addition of the ATCUN motifs to PAP also increases its ability to disrupt membranes. DNA damage is the major contributor to the activity of the ATCUN–sh‐buforin peptides. Our findings indicate that the addition of ATCUN motifs to AMPs is a simple strategy that leads to AMPs with higher antibacterial activity and possibly to more potent, usable antibacterial agents.     

宋式带“昂”斗栱节点力学性能试验研究

古建筑中宋式斗栱节点最为显著的特征之一就是带有“下昂”。为研究具有这种特征的斗栱节点的受力性能,制作 1∶3.52的缩尺模型试件进行竖向荷载试验和水平低周反复荷载试验,依据宋《营造法式》和实际建筑的 “有昂无梁栿”和“有昂有梁栿”两种类型的宋式斗栱节点模型,设计并制作了以柱头斗栱节点为对象的试验模型。研究结果表明：在竖向荷载作用下,栌斗始终作为薄弱构件首先破坏;下昂与梁栿虽打断了斗栱节点分层叠加,但其依旧能保持良好的整体性;水平荷载作用下单个斗栱节点的倒三角形构造易发生转动,但加入梁栿后,节点的转动受到约束而发生滑移,此时斗栱表现良好的耗能效果,由此说明斗栱节点良好的抗震性能并非来自单个斗栱节点,而是由其通过相互约束协同工作而产生;底部暗销有较强的锚固作用,斗栱节点水平承载力主要由底部暗销的锚固力和柱与斗栱节点接触面的摩擦力组成。     

基于SM4算法的移动终端接入车间信息系统的安全性设计与验证

网络化的车间信息远程控制带给用户便捷的同时伴随着安全隐患,为了杜绝移动终端接入车间信息系统通信过程可能存在的潜在威胁,针对移动终端接入车间信息系统可能存在的安全问题,设计了身份认证、访问控制、异常行为检测、黑白名单过滤和接入审核的安全机制,并建立一个3层信息安全控制系统。经测试结果表明,设计的安全机制有效地提高了车间信息系统移动终端接入的安全性,可阻止针对移动终端接入车间信息系统可能存在的恶意攻击。     

新型铜气管的应用

通过对铜气管与镀锌钢管的各项性能的比较，使读者对新型铜气管有所了解。文中还介绍了新型铜气管的设计过程和施工工艺。